Heavy crude oil properties
23 Apr 2015 The composition can be mixed with heavy crude oils, at the point of extraction from the well in the field, during the transport of crude oil in Operators are faced with specific challenges for production, transportation and refining of heavy crudes. Heavy crude oils have a specific gravity, regularly 4 Jun 2015 Viscosity increases with decreases in crude oil API gravity (assuming a Presented at the SPE International Heavy Oil Symposium, Calgary, 27 Apr 2017 work is to synthesize and evaluate magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-based ferrofluids for reducing the viscosity of an extra heavy crude oil. 24 Aug 2018 Using cheaper heavier crude oil means more investment in upgrading required to process the increasing supply of heavier crudes. Much of Since crude oil can vary so much in its composition, it can have Conversely, heavier crude oils flow less easily through pores in
Physical properties that differ between heavy crude oils and lighter grades include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as heavier molecular composition. In 2010, the World Energy Council defined extra heavy oil as crude oil having a gravity of less than 10° and a reservoir viscosity of no more than 10,000 centipoises.
Sulfur content and API gravity are two properties which have had the greatest influence on the value of crude oil, although nitrogen and metals contents are increasing in importance. The sulfur content is expressed as percent sulfur by weight and varies from less than 0.1% to greater than 5%. Typically, the molecules present in heavy oil have more than fifteen carbon atoms in the chain, making the refining process more complex and costly (Trevisan et al., 2006). This mixture of high molecular weight compounds gener- ates products with a low content of high-octane gasoline and diesel at the refinery. Physical properties that differ between heavy crude oils and lighter grades include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as heavier molecular composition. In 2010, the World Energy Council defined extra heavy oil as crude oil having a gravity of less than 10° and a reservoir viscosity of no more than 10,000 centipoises. Heavy oil and bitumen are characterized by high-density, high-viscosity, and high-heavy fraction components. Table 12.2 shows that all heavy oil and bitumen produced in China has density >0.9 g/cm 3 at 20°C. The density of the heavy oil in the Shanjiasi field is up to 0.9719 g/cm 3. The common characteristic properties of heavy oil are: high specific gravity, low hydrogen to carbon ratios, high carbon residues, and high contents of asphaltenes, heavy metal, sulphur and nitrogen. Specialized processing is required to produce more useful fractions, such as: naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil.
Crude oil, liquid petroleum that is found accumulated in various porous rock formations but they also form some of the heavy asphaltlike residues of refinery processes. Aromatics generally constitute only a small percentage of most crudes .
Since crude oil can vary so much in its composition, it can have Conversely, heavier crude oils flow less easily through pores in Thus, in the near future, refineries will be obliged to replace light crudes by heavy /extra-heavy crude oils as feedstock. But, what is the real problem of this change 26 Jun 2012 The tar sands boom is part of a larger industry trend of producing heavier crude oils, whether that's bitumen or conventional heavy crudes, Kinner Physico-chemical characteristics such as API (American Petroleum Institute gravity) specific gravity, distributed over medium and heavy factions of crude oils.
The correlation of viscosity with gravity for various crudes handled by IPL is illustrated on Figure 3. HEAVY CRUDE OIL PIPELINES. Worldwide there are a number
The common characteristic properties of heavy oil are: high specific gravity, low hydrogen to carbon ratios, high carbon residues, and high contents of asphaltenes, heavy metal, sulphur and nitrogen. Specialized processing is required to produce more useful fractions, such as: naphtha, kerosene, and gas oil. When it comes to general properties, heavy crude is thicker, more resistant to flow, and usually contains higher levels of sulfur and other contaminants than does light oil. For heavy oil to be made into gasoline, it has to be refined, cracked to make large hydrocarbons smaller, and treated to remove contaminants like sulfur. Crude Oil Grades and Types. Crude oil grades, types, and names. Crude oil testing and assay services provided by Intertek support customers from the well-head to the refinery across the world. Each crude oil reservoir and stream has unique properties and characteristics. A partial listing of the world's crude oils is listed. Intertek crude oil services: The rheological properties of heavy crude oil and its mixture with light crude oil were investigated experimentally. These rheological properties include steady flow behavior, yield stress, transient flow behavior, thixotropy behavior, and viscoelastic behavior. Classification according to the API degree: Light crude oil: API gravity higher than 31.1 °API (less than 870 kg/m³) Medium crude oil: API gravity from 31.1 °API to 22.3 °API (870 to 920 kg/m³) Heavy crude oil: API gravity from 22.3 °API to 10 °API (920 to 1000 kg/m³)
As we have discussed, most crude oils (possibly excluding some extremely heavy crude oils: °API ≈ 10°) contain Dissolved Gas. This dissolved natural gas consists mostly of the low-end molecular weight hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, and butane) and some inorganic impurities (nitrogen, carbon-dioxide, hydrogen-sulfide, etc.).
4 Jun 2015 Viscosity increases with decreases in crude oil API gravity (assuming a Presented at the SPE International Heavy Oil Symposium, Calgary, 27 Apr 2017 work is to synthesize and evaluate magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-based ferrofluids for reducing the viscosity of an extra heavy crude oil. 24 Aug 2018 Using cheaper heavier crude oil means more investment in upgrading required to process the increasing supply of heavier crudes. Much of Since crude oil can vary so much in its composition, it can have Conversely, heavier crude oils flow less easily through pores in Thus, in the near future, refineries will be obliged to replace light crudes by heavy /extra-heavy crude oils as feedstock. But, what is the real problem of this change 26 Jun 2012 The tar sands boom is part of a larger industry trend of producing heavier crude oils, whether that's bitumen or conventional heavy crudes, Kinner
Light vs Heavy Crude Oil Light Crude oil is liquid petroleum that has low density and that flows freely at room temperature. It has low viscosity, low specific gravity and high API gravity due to the presence of a high proportion of light hydrocarbon fractions. It generally has a low wax content as well.